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Electric utilities --- Wind power --- Solar energy --- Rates --- Time-of-use pricing. --- Economic aspects. --- Economic aspects.

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Death --- Postmortem changes. --- Autopsy. --- Time of. --- Necropsy --- Necroscopy --- Post-mortem examinations --- Postmortem examinations --- Postmortems --- Anatomy, Pathological --- Dead bodies (Law) --- Human dissection --- Medical jurisprudence --- Change, Postmortem --- Change after death --- Changes, Postmortem --- Changes after death --- Post-mortem changes --- Death (Biology) --- Decomposition (Chemistry) --- Time of death --- Causes --- Proof and certification

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Renewable energy is electricity generated by fuel sources that restore themselves over a short period of time and do not diminish. Although some renewable energy technologies impact the environment, renewables are considered environmentally preferable to conventional sources and, when replacing fossil fuels, have significant potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This book focuses on the environmental and economic benefits of using renewable energy, which include: (i) generating energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and reduces some types of air pollution, (ii) diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels, and (iii) creating economic development and jobs in manufacturing, installation, and more. Local governments can dramatically reduce their carbon footprint by purchasing or directly generating electricity from clean and renewable sources. The most common renewable power technologies include: solar (photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal), wind, biogas (e.g., landfill gas, wastewater treatment digester gas), geothermal, biomass, low-impact hydroelectricity, and emerging technologies such as wave and tidal power. Local governments can lead by example by generating energy on site, purchasing green power, or purchasing renewable energy. Using a combination of renewable energy options can help to meet local government goals, especially in some regions where availability and quality of renewable resources vary. Options for using renewable energy include: generating renewable energy on site, using a system or device at the location where the power is used (e.g., PV panels on a state building, geothermal heat pumps, biomass-fueled combined heat and power), and purchasing renewable energy from an electric utility through a green pricing or green marketing program, where buyers pay a small premium in exchange for electricity generated locally from green power resources.

History of engineering & technology --- community energy --- energy storage --- time of use tariff --- home battery --- demand response --- renewable energy --- business model --- global meta-frontier non-radial direction distance function --- energy efficiency --- CO2 emission performance --- benchmark --- potential CO2 emission and energy reduction --- solar home systems (SHS) --- levelized cost of energy (LCOE) --- photovoltaic system --- HOMER --- rice straw ash --- ash-forming elements --- solubility --- sustainable development of both agriculture and biomass energy --- recycling property --- ashing temperature --- municipalities --- public policies --- rural development --- wind farms --- civic energy communities --- local energy initiatives --- grassroots innovation --- energy transition --- social practice theory --- energy practices --- hazardous waste --- contaminated soil --- potential toxic elements --- removal --- mine waste --- biomass power generation --- positive externalities --- support policy --- apple branches --- Jingning --- LCA --- LCC --- photovoltaic --- onshore wind --- prosumers --- renewable energy sources --- Mediterranean wineries --- constraints and enablers --- social–ecological system --- resilience

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This book entitled “Cocoa, Chocolate, and Human Health” presents the most recent findings about cocoa and health in 14 peer-reviewed chapters including nine original contributions and five reviews from cocoa experts around the world. Bioavailability and metabolism of the main cocoa polyphenols, i.e., the flavanols like epicatechin, are presented including metabolites like valerolactones that are formed by the gut microbiome. Many studies, including intervention studies or epidemiological observations, do not focus on single compounds, but on cocoa as a whole. This proves the effectiveness of cocoa as a functional food. A positive influence of cocoa on hearing problems, exercise performance, and metabolic syndrome is discussed with mixed results; the results about exercise performance are contradictive. Evidence shows that cocoa flavanols may modulate some risk factors related to metabolic syndrome such as hypertension and disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, several cardiometabolic parameters in type 2 diabetics were not affected by a flavanol-rich cocoa powder as simultaneous treatment with pharmaceuticals might have negated the effect of cocoa. The putative health-promoting components of cocoa are altered during processing like fermentation, drying, and roasting of cocoa beans. Chocolate, the most popular cocoa product, shows remarkable losses in polyphenols and vitamin E during 18 months of storage.

n/a --- lipids --- theobromine --- colonic bacteria --- ?-glucosidase inhibition --- cacao --- tinnitus --- antioxidant capacity --- metabolomics --- methylxanthines --- lipid status --- physical exercise --- skeletal muscle --- functional volatile compounds --- soluble cocoa products --- blood pressure --- flavanols --- functional food --- classification --- monitoring --- cocoa --- yeast --- quality --- flavanols bioavailability --- fermentation --- cocoa processing --- hearing loss --- Italian chocolate --- chocolate --- (?)-catechin --- extraction and characterization methods --- heath potentials --- CREB --- inflammation --- flavanol-rich cocoa --- behavior --- (?)-epicatechin --- BDNF --- plasma appearance --- flavan-3-ol stereoisomers --- fermentation-related enzymes --- angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity --- type 2 diabetes --- CaMKII --- exercise performance --- anti-inflammatory properties --- (+)-catechin --- bioactive compounds --- chiral separation --- plasma --- oxidative stress --- antidiabetic capacity --- polyphenols --- oligopeptides --- urine --- protein–phenol interactions --- postprandial --- working memory --- procyanidins --- simulated gastrointestinal digestion --- cocoa-based ingredients --- one-compartment model --- cocoa beans --- athlete --- biomarkers --- polyphenol --- metabolic syndrome --- nutrition --- bioavailability --- roasting --- glucose metabolism --- cohort study --- plasma nutrikinetics --- pharmacokinetics --- human --- cocoa proteins --- metabolites --- cocoa by-product --- meal --- bioactive peptides --- performance --- liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QToF-MS) --- starter culture --- protein-phenol interactions

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This Special Issue focused on novel vision-based approaches, mainly related to computer vision and machine learning, for the automatic analysis of human behaviour. We solicited submissions on the following topics: information theory-based pattern classification, biometric recognition, multimodal human analysis, low resolution human activity analysis, face analysis, abnormal behaviour analysis, unsupervised human analysis scenarios, 3D/4D human pose and shape estimation, human analysis in virtual/augmented reality, affective computing, social signal processing, personality computing, activity recognition, human tracking in the wild, and application of information-theoretic concepts for human behaviour analysis. In the end, 15 papers were accepted for this special issue. These papers, that are reviewed in this editorial, analyse human behaviour from the aforementioned perspectives, defining in most of the cases the state of the art in their corresponding field.

History of engineering & technology --- multi-objective evolutionary algorithms --- rule-based classifiers --- interpretable machine learning --- categorical data --- hand sign language --- deep learning --- restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) --- multi-modal --- profoundly deaf --- noisy image --- ensemble methods --- adaptive classifiers --- recurrent concepts --- concept drift --- stock price direction prediction --- toe-off detection --- gait event --- silhouettes difference --- convolutional neural network --- saliency detection --- foggy image --- spatial domain --- frequency domain --- object contour detection --- discrete stationary wavelet transform --- attention allocation --- attention behavior --- hybrid entropy --- information entropy --- single pixel single photon image acquisition --- time-of-flight --- action recognition --- fibromyalgia --- Learning Using Concave and Convex Kernels --- Empatica E4 --- self-reported survey --- speech emotion recognition --- 3D convolutional neural networks --- k-means clustering --- spectrograms --- context-aware framework --- accuracy --- false negative rate --- individual behavior estimation --- statistical-based time-frequency domain and crowd condition --- emotion recognition --- gestures --- body movements --- Kinect sensor --- neural networks --- face analysis --- face segmentation --- head pose estimation --- age classification --- gender classification --- singular point detection --- boundary segmentation --- blurring detection --- fingerprint image enhancement --- fingerprint quality --- speech --- committee of classifiers --- biometric recognition --- multimodal-based human identification --- privacy --- privacy-aware